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Corresponding Author

Amr Salah Mohamed El-Shamy

Authors ORCID

ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9733-0801

Document Type

Original Article

Subject Areas

Chemistry

Keywords

Contaminates, Environment, Large scale, Membrane, Reverse osmosis, Water treatment

Abstract

Reverse Osmosis (RO) water treatment as commercial plants has become increasingly prevalent in the Egyptian market, offering a wide variety of origins and technologies. Most of these are usable on taps and others are used on a larger scale at commercial stations in villages all over Egypt. These plants are usually known as filters, however, they usually differ greatly according to both the capacity and the technology by which they function. Some use without RO membrane and others have. The purpose of this manuscript is to test as many of these plants as possible and carry out a full study of water quality before and after using the proper device. The obtained results showed that the RO process is well adapted for this treatment; the rejection rate efficiency is up to 97.94% for the totality of solutes (the electrical conductivity decreased from 836 μs/cm to 17.2 μs/cm). The plants (P3, P7, and P8) are perfect to use where maximum removal efficiency, salt rejection, salt passage, recovery %, and concentration factor values were recorded (85.9, 81.93, 18.07, 78.00%, and 4.50), (97.27, 97.94, 2.06, 80.00%, and 5.00) and (92.44, 93.28, 6.72, 79.00%, and 4.70). Through the previous values for all plants under study, we are recommended to change the RO membrane for plants (P1, P2, and P4) and modify P5 to the RO system. The experienced service support, good maintenance program, and correct system design led to the RO system providing many years of high-purity water. Such a study should evaluate its function as well as the water quality itself. A detailed study will be offered, and the results will be assessed according to both international as well as Egyptian environmental laws.

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